CAREERS  IN  PSYCHOLOGY

      There are many careers in psychology. Psychology includes both re­search, through which we learn fundamental things about human and animal behaviour, and practice, through which that knowledge is ap­plied in helping people to solve problems. Psychology is an extremely varied field. Psychologists conduct research, serve as consultants, diag­nose and treat people, and teach future psychologists and other types of students. They test intelligence and personality.

         As scientists, psychologists use scientific methods of observation, experimentation, and analysis. But psychologists also need to be cre­ative in the way they apply scientific findings.

      Psychologists are frequently innovators, inventing new approaches to people and societies. They develop theories and test them in their re­search. As they collect new information, these findings can be used by practitioners in their work with clients and patients.

     As practitioners psychologists work in laboratories, hospitals, court­rooms, schools and universities, prisons, and corporate offices. They work with business executives, performers, and athletes to reduce stress and improve performance. They advise lawyers on jury selection and cooperate with educators on school reform. Immediately following a disaster, such as a plane crash or bombing, psychologists help victims and bystanders recover from the shock of the event.

       Involved in all aspects of our world, psychologists must keep up with ^what is happening around us. When you're a psychologist, your educa­tion never ends.

       Most psychologists say they love their work. They say that they have ^a variety of daily tasks and the flexibility of their schedules.

        The study of psychology is a good preparation for many other profes­sions. Many employers are interested in the skills of collecting, analyz­ing, and interpreting data, and their experience with statistics and ex­perimental design.

         Psychology is a very diverse field with hundreds of career paths. We all know about caring for people with mental and emotional disorders. Some other jobs like helping with the design of computer systems are less well-known. What all psychologists have in common is an interest in the minds and behaviors of both humans and animals.

    Questions to the text.

1. What does the field of psychology include?

2. What is research in psychology concerned with?

3'. What innovations do psychologists make?

4. What do psychologists do?

5. Where do psychologists work?

6. Who do they work with?

7. When does your education as a psychologist end?

8. Do most psychologist like their work?

9. What skills many employers are interested in?

10. What do all psychologists have in common?

Fill in the gaps (заполните пропуски) with the words from the text,

1.   The field of psychology includes both ... and ....

2.   As scientists, psychologists use different research methods, such as.....and....

3.   As practitioners, psychologists work in laboratories,...,..., schools and universities,... and corporate ....

4.   Psychologists work with business executives,... and ... to reduce stress and... performance.

5.   Immediately following the disaster, such as a plane crash or ..., psy­chologists help ... and ....

6.   When you are a ..., your... never ends.

7.   Psychologists have a variety of...... and the flexibility of their ....

8.   Many employers are interested in the skills of...,..., and ... data.

9.   What all psychologists have in common is an interest in the ... and... of both humans and ....

*****************************************************************************************************

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY

In 1877 James Ward proposed to open a laboratory in Cambridge to study psychophysics, the relation between the physical properties of stimuli and experienced sensations. This proposal was rejected by the University because it would 'insult religion by putting the soul on a pair of scales'. However, in 1897, William Rivers was appointed University Lecturer in Physiological and Experimental Psychology. Rivers was to become famous as a neurologist, psychologist, anthropologist, and psy­chiatrist.

In 1901 Psychology acquired a room, in 1903 a property in Mill Lane, and in 1912 the Psychological Laboratory was founded. Research and teaching in experimental psychology is continued to the present day.

The Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Cambridge is famous for its teaching. Students are taught by researchers of international importance and many of its past students have impor­tant positions in psychology and related fields throughout the world.

The University of Cambridge is unusual because undergraduates are not admitted to the Department of Psychology. The subject is taught as an experimental science at second and third-year levels within the Natu­ral Sciences. All undergraduates at Cambridge study for the Bachelor of Arts degree — even those studying the sciences. The Department admits graduates to study for research degrees. These include the Ph.D. (re­quiring three years of research) and the M.S. (two years).

The research staff includes university teaching officers (lecturers, and professors), research assistants, laboratory staff, and graduate stu­dents. They conduct psychological research on sensory perception, at­tention, memory, language, psychopathology, associative, animal be­haviour, and drug addiction.

Relation                                             взаимосвязь

Properties                                          качества

stimulus (stimuli)   [stimiulai]               стимул

to reject                                              отвергнуть

to insult                                              оскорблять

soul                                                    душа

scales                                                 весы

to appoint                                           назначать

to acquire                                           приобретать

рroperty                                             собственность, владения

undergraduates                                  студенты 1-4 курса

B.A. (Bachelor of Arts)                        бакалавр искусств

Ph.D.                                                 доктор философии

M.S. (Master of Sciences)                    магистр

graduate students                               магистранты и докторанты

sensory perception                              чувственное восприятие

drug addiction                                    зависимость от наркотиков

                                         ВОПРОСЫ К ТЕКСТУ

1. When was the Department of Psychology at the University of Cambridge founded?

2. Why was the proposal by James Ward rejected?

3. Who was the first lecturer in psychology?

4. What was Dr. Rivers famous for?

5. What is unusual about the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Cambridge?

6.  What are the research degrees at the Department of Psychology at the University of Cambridge?

7.   Who is included in the research staff?

8.   What are the benefits of education at the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Cambridge?

9.  Why education at the University of Cambridge makes you better equipped as a graduate student?

ЗАДАНИЕ

     Переведите на русский язык.

1.  Psychophysics is the relation between the stimuli and experienced

sensations.

2. Money is a good stimulus for good work.

3. Experience in biology is always good in psychology.

4. I want to become a famous psychologist and psychiatrist.

5. Psychology is a science about mind, brain, and behaviour.

6. Religion studies human soul.

7. The Dean of our department is elected and appointed by the rector.

8. Our university has a lot of property — ten buildings, a fitness center  and a swimming pool.

9.   Traditions of famous Russian psychologists are continued to the present day.

10. Psychiatry and psychology are two related fields.

ЗАДАНИЕ

     Закончите предложения.

1. William Rivers conducted research in...

2. The Department of Experimental Psychology is famous for...

3. The University of Cambridge is unusual because ...

4. All undergraduates at Cambridge study for the B.A. degree, even...

5. Research degrees at the Department of Psychology include ...

6. The research staff includes ...

7. Research staff at Cambridge conducts research on ...

ЗАДАНИЕ

     Переведите на английский язык.

1.  Этот магистрант проводит исследования по восприятию ощущений.

2.   Исследовательская лаборатория проводила исследования по темам внимания и памяти.

3.  Мой друг — аспирант факультета психологии Кембриджского университета. Он закончил Московский государственный университет со степенью магистра и потом поступил на факультет психологии Кембриджского университета.

4.  Я планирую карьеру психолога.

5.  Я хочу получить подготовку университетского уровня по медицине, в то же самое время получая квалификацию психолога.

6.   Психология — это одна из дисциплин, которые занимаются : изучением мозга, сознания и поведения.