Read the text and translate it into Russian.
Constitutional Law.
Constitutional law is a body of law dealing with the distribution and exercise of government power. Constitutional law concerns both the relationships between the executive, legislature and judiciary and the human rights or civil liberties of individuals against the state.
Constitutional law is a leading branch of the whole system of law. Its principal source is the country’s Constitution. It deals with social structure, the state system, organization of state power and the legal status of citizens.
Most jurisdictions, like the United States and a France, have single codified constitution, with a Bill of Rights. Not all nation states have codified constitutions, though all such states have a jus commune, or law of the land, that may consist of a variety of imperative and consensual rules. These may include customary law, conventions, statutory law, judge-made law or international rules and norms, etc.
Constitutional laws may often be considered second order rulemaking or rules about making rules to exercise power. It governs the relationships between the judiciary, the legislature and the executive with the bodies under its authority. One of the key tasks of constitutions within this context is to indicate hierarchies and relationships of power. For example, in a unitary state, the constitution will vest ultimate authority in one central administration and legislature, and judiciary, though there is often a delegation of power or authority to local or municipal authorities. When a constitution establishes a federal state, it will identify the several levels of government coexisting with exclusive or shared areas of jurisdiction over lawmaking, application and enforcement
Read the text once more and find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations:
конституционное право, отрасль права, осуществлять власть, исполнительный, законодательство, судоустройство, права человека, гражданские свободы, государство, Билль о Правах, государственная власть, обязательные и всеобщие правила, местные органы власти, кодифицированная конституция, законопроект, правила, судебное решение, законотворчество.
Answer the following questions.
- Is Constitutional law a leading branch of the whole system of law?
- What is the source of Constitutional law?
- What kind of constitutions do most of the countries have?
- Dose the law of the land consist of a variety of rules? What are they?
- What governs the relationships between the judiciary, the legislature and the executive?
- What is one of the key tasks of constitution?
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